（01） Product advantages

(1) Multi level control

1) The multi-level architecture realizes the management of battery cells, modules, battery clusters, and systems, which can be smoothly expanded.

2) Hierarchical and regional management to improve system reliability and stability.

3) Realize comprehensive control from data collection, data processing, status detection, health assessment, fault warning, maintenance decision-making to human-computer interaction.

(2) High precision core algorithmReal time calculation of remaining battery capacity and assessment of battery health status, complete learning of total charging and discharging capacity in one go, with an accuracy of capacity estimation better than 3%.

(3) Active balancing/passive balancing

The comprehensive application of active balancing technology and passive balancing technology can simultaneously achieve bidirectional balancing management of individual batteries within the battery pack, effectively improving battery consistency and extending the service life of the battery pack.

(4) Comprehensive protection functions

Including charging protection, discharge protection, overcurrent protection, thermal protection, etc.

(5) Event prediction and processing function

Including battery failure judgment and handling, battery failure warning and handling, insulation detection and insulation reduction alarm, high voltage warning and handling, etc.

(6) Human machine interface

The human-machine interface displays the main information of the battery pack, including the remaining battery capacity (SOC), charging and discharging current, total battery voltage, maximum cell voltage, minimum cell voltage, maximum temperature, and alarm information, as shown in the figure:

（02）HB-BMS Battery Management System Architecture